Networking
Q.43. How do I control how hostnames are resolved?
Ans.The default order can be overwritten by creating the configuration file, /etc/netsvc.conf and specifying the desired order. Both the default and /etc/netsvc.conf can be overwritten with the environment variable, NSORDER. 12.What to disable telnet in AIX?
BIND, NIS, /etc/hosts
# export NSORDER=bind,nis,local
Q.32. How do I setup anonymous ftp on my AIX system?
Ans./usr/lpp/tcpip/samples/anon.ftp It is a shell script and will set up a anonymous ftp site on your local RS/6000
Q.26. "no" command options especially 'thewall' parameter.
Ans. Network option Configures network attributes.
no { -a | -d Attribute | -o Attribute [ =NewValue ] }
Q13.What are the NFS Daemons?
Ans-Server End-nfsd, rpc.mountd, portmap, rpc.stated, rpc.mountd
Client End-bind,rpc.statd,rpc.lockd,portmap
Q18 What will you do if remote server is not connecting through ssh or telnet?
Ans-For that we will login the server through HMC WSM and check the sshd or telnet daemon.
20. Which is the main file where you specify host lookup order?
Q.15. What is Autofs ?
Ans. a) Used for automatic and transparent mounting and unmounting of NFS File systems.
b) Based on AutoFS facility.
c) Uses automounter map files to find the mount directories and mount arguments. Map can be text files or NIS maps.
d) automount command
e) automountd daemon
f) Client-side server
Benefits:
a) Reduces system administration of /etc/filesystems file particularly if NIS maps are used
b) No pre-mounting of directories not currently needed thus reducing possibility of client hang due to down server
c) Distributes client workload for NFS read-only file systems
Provides method for single-system image for clients
What is the difference between direct & indirect autofs?
Direct:
The automounts configured in an indirect map are all mounted under the same local parent directory.
Inderiect:
The automounts configured in a direct map may be mounted in various places in the local file system; they do not have to be located under the same parent directory.
Q.15. What are different between hard and soft mount ?
Ans : Hard mount ill expect (wait) untill server responds, if it is offline in this case system ill hang.
Soft mount ill expect within that period , if it is offline process ill be in background, next service ill start.
Q.15. What are the daemons for NIS ?
Ans. ypbind, ypserv, yppasswd, portmap
HACMP
Q24.How to Configure HACMP setup?
Ans-1-First Install Aix5.1 on all nodes
2-Install the required ML (ML 09)
3-Install the HACMP file sets on all nodes. (cluster.es, cluster.es.cspoc ,cluster.license)
4-Assign the IP,s & Alias on all node
5-Configure /etc/hosts on all nodes it must be same for each node.
Now use # smitty hacmp and configure step by step as below-
I-Add a cluster---It will ask for a cluster Name
II-Add a node----add each node name
III-Run the Discovery process(After run this option it will create some files as #/usr/es/sbin/cluster/etc/rhosts----Contains the base IP,s of node
#/usr/es/sbin/cluster/etc/config/clip_config—Contains the IP details of all nodes.
/clvg_config—Contains the,PV,VG,Major numbers Details of all the nodes covered within the cluster.
/haver.info—Contains the information about the HACMP version.
IV-Add a Network
V-Add a communication Interfaces & Devices
VI-Add a persistent IP Label/Address
VII-Add a resource Group
VIII-Add a resource
IX-Put The Resource in Resource Group
X-Run the Verification and Synchronization—It will synchronize the changes with other nodes within the cluster.
XI-Start the Clusters Service---#startsrc –g cluster--It will start all cluster Daemons.
Q25.What is persistent IP?
Ans-This is a alias of standby interface used for Administrative purposes.
How to see version of HACMP
/usr/es/sbin/cluster/etc/config/haver.info
lslpp –l hacmp
How will you know which nodes are involved in clustering ?
clverify
Q26.If service IP Move to fallover node ,will persistent do same?
Ans-No this is node bound IP so it can not move to other node.
Q27.What are the HACMP Daemons?
Ans-clstmgr,clinfo,clcomd,cllockd,clmuxpd
Q29.How to see the Status of RG in HACMP?
#/usr/es/sbin/cluster/utilities/clRGinfo
Q30.What are the types to shutdown the RG?
Ans-There are three ways to shutdown the RG-
1-Gracefull shutdown without takeover--The Application will stop and RG will release but it will not aquired by any node.
2-Gracefull shutdown with takeover--The Application will stop and RG will Release and will takeover by fallover node.
3-Focefully shutdown--The application will shutdown but RG will not be release,commands are--
#/usr/es/sbin/cluster/utilities/clstop -g
#/usr/es/sbin/cluster/utilities/clstop -gr
#/usr/es/sbin/cluster/utilities/clstop -f
Q31.What are the log files in HACMP?
Ans-/tmp/hacmp.out , /tmp/cm.log , /usr/es/adm/cluster.log, /var/hacmp/clverify/clverify.log , /tmp/cspoc.log
1. What topologies are you using in HACMP?
If clstst is currupt how will u check the cluster status.
cldump
When sharedvg is extended is it required to synchronize the cluster?
Yes
2. what is concurrent VG ?
Concurrent access feature enhance the benefits provided by an HACMP cluster.Concurrent access allows simultaneous access to a volume group on a disk subsystem attached
What are method for HACMP heart beat ?
Non-ip network, ip network, disk heartbeating
How to check priority list in HACMP ?
/usr/es/sbin/cluster/utilities/cIRGinfo
How to check HACMP heart beat information ?
Node1-> cat < /dev/tty1 Node1-> cat /etc/hosts > /dev/tty1
Lssrc –ls topsvcss
How to increase FS in sharedvg add disk in sharedvg ?
Through C-SPOC
What is sharedvg ?
Vg configured to serve more than one node in the HACMP enviroment. Shared VG is physically connected to multiple nodes.
How to stop cluster services in one node ?
/usr/es/sbin/cluster/utilities/clstop –gr node
What is HACMP ?
HACMP is a s/w provides that ensure the availability of these application, the application are put under HACMP control. HACMP takes measures to ensure that the application remain available.
3. What is cascading, concurrent and rotating RG?
4. How will you configure application on HACMP?
1. Application must be install on every node
2. Check in statnd-alone mode application is working properly on every node
3. Make start.script and stop.script
4. Configure the application server
5. Put this application server as a resource in RG
What is disk heartbeat? How will you configure it?
Disk heartbeat is another form of non-ip heartbeat that utilizes the existing shared disk of any disk type. As it eliminates the need for serial cable / 8-port asynchronous adapter. It also can easily greater distance between nodes when using SAN environment.
This feature requires using enhanced concurrent volume group to allow access to the disk by each node as needed. It utilizes a special reserved area on the disk to read and write the heartbeat data. Since it is used reserved data, it allow the use of existing data volume group without losing additional storage space.
11.How to configure heart beat in non-ip environment?
We have initialized tty terminal using #smit tty
Select /dev/tt0 ot /dev/tty1 (for rs232)
# smitty hacmp
extended configuration
extended topology
add a network
rs_232 network type rs_232_01
network rs_232
add a communication interface/devices
communication device
rs_232_01 node1
/dev/tty1
rs_232_01 node2
/dev/tty1
13.Suppose synchronization is not occurring in HACMP after making changes and discovery process, what may be the reasons and how will you troubleshoot?
How to configure RAID in SSA
Used smitty raid
14.What are the ways to configure HACMP?
IPAT with replacement
IPAT with aliasing
2. What is /tmp/hacmp.out?
A. contain formatted messages generated by HACMP for AIX script.
B. In verbose mode, this log file contains a line-by-line record of each command executed in the scripts, including
2. What are the type of RG
1. cascading 2. Rotating 3. Concurrent
What are the consideration before you install HACMP?
IPAT planning
Resource group planning
H/W support
Application compatibility
What problem u faced while configuring HACMP and solution?
In discovery
what is C-SPOC
Cluster single point of control, which can be used to administrate entire cluster.
How will you configure shared vg,
A. give the detailed procedure in a two node cluster
node1:
#lspv
#cfgmgr -l ssar
#lsdev -Cc disk
node 2:
#lspv
#cfgmgr -l ssar
#lsdev -Cc disk
find common pvid
Find free major number in both nodes
#lvlstmajor
create vg using common major number
#smitty mkvg
myvg
--->automatically vg should be varied on - No
--->Quorum - No
#smitty mklv
loglv
type jfslog
#logform /dev/loglv
#smitty mklv
datalv
type jfs
#smitty crfs
mount point /data device /dev/datalv
#mount /data
umount /data
varyoffvg myvg
node 2:
import the myvg from node1 using importvg command
4.What is service ip , bootip and standby ip
A. service ip address: ip address used by client user
bootip address : ip address configured on base interface
standby ip address : ip address configured on standby interface
5.Startup, Fallover and Fall back policies. (What are the policies in hacmp?)
A. Startup policy:
1. Online on home node only
2. Online on first available node only
3. Online on all available node
4. Online using distribution policy
Fall over policy:
1. Fall over to next priority node in the list
2. Fall over using dynamic node priority
Fall back policy:
1. Fall back to higher priority node in the list
2. Never fall back
LPAR
Q19.What is HMC and what is the difference between LPAR & DLPAR?
Ans-This is (Hardware management console) a Linux based preloaded machine used to configure & Maintain LPAR & DLPAR.
LPAR is Logical-partitioning means we can create the multiple partition of a server box and can separately run different OS on that. But in DLPAR (Dynamic LPAR) we can move the resources (CPU, Memory, I/O Ports) from one partition to another with the help of HMC.
Q20 What is Dedicate & Shared CPU?
Ands-Dedicated CPU means we will assign the full CPU to a single partition but in shared mode we can assign a single CPU to Multiple partitions.
Q21.What is Micro partitioning?
In-In Micro partitioning we can Assign a single CPU to Multiple partition. First assign 0.1 then it can be extend by .01
What is the cpu allocation level in micro partitioning?
0.1
Q22.What is Caped & encaped?
Ans-This is used in micro partitioning when a CPU value assign to a partition and it is using some percentage of assign value and rest is free
Then it will call caped and if this free value is get move to other partition then it will call encaped.
Q23.What is entitle capacity?
Ans-This is Assign value to a partition.
How to moved the resources dynamically within the profile.
Through HMC we have to delocate the resources from one profile and attach the resources in other profile.
How to create LPAR on 2 processor and 32 GB RAM?
Log into HMC as hsroot with the password and go to server management in navigation and right click mouse to create partition on 2 processor and 32 GB RAM and then activate partition.
How to create HMC user on HMC in command line.
#mkhmcusr to create and chhmcusr to manage user.
How to update microcode in HMC?
Login into HMC as hsroot and go to management environment in navigation area then go s/w maintenance option then microcode update.
NIM
103. What NIM & Purpose
NIM is Network installation management - where client system softwares can be installed from the NIM master.
104. How to list nim objects.
# lsnim
105. Is it possible to install the mksysb to alternate disk by nim.
Yes ..its possible
What is minimum requirements for NIM
SPOT(boot image), lpp_source(fileset)
Location of lpp resources file
/export/spot1 and /export/lpp_sources/lpp_source1
How to configure NIM Client
In client machine go o SMS menu /Utilities / RIPL / Assign IP address of NIM master.
Goto sms menu and specify the client and master ip address and make Ethernet the firs boot device.
Q.43. How do I control how hostnames are resolved?
Ans.The default order can be overwritten by creating the configuration file, /etc/netsvc.conf and specifying the desired order. Both the default and /etc/netsvc.conf can be overwritten with the environment variable, NSORDER. 12.What to disable telnet in AIX?
BIND, NIS, /etc/hosts
# export NSORDER=bind,nis,local
Q.32. How do I setup anonymous ftp on my AIX system?
Ans./usr/lpp/tcpip/samples/anon.ftp It is a shell script and will set up a anonymous ftp site on your local RS/6000
Q.26. "no" command options especially 'thewall' parameter.
Ans. Network option Configures network attributes.
no { -a | -d Attribute | -o Attribute [ =NewValue ] }
Q13.What are the NFS Daemons?
Ans-Server End-nfsd, rpc.mountd, portmap, rpc.stated, rpc.mountd
Client End-bind,rpc.statd,rpc.lockd,portmap
Q18 What will you do if remote server is not connecting through ssh or telnet?
Ans-For that we will login the server through HMC WSM and check the sshd or telnet daemon.
20. Which is the main file where you specify host lookup order?
Q.15. What is Autofs ?
Ans. a) Used for automatic and transparent mounting and unmounting of NFS File systems.
b) Based on AutoFS facility.
c) Uses automounter map files to find the mount directories and mount arguments. Map can be text files or NIS maps.
d) automount command
e) automountd daemon
f) Client-side server
Benefits:
a) Reduces system administration of /etc/filesystems file particularly if NIS maps are used
b) No pre-mounting of directories not currently needed thus reducing possibility of client hang due to down server
c) Distributes client workload for NFS read-only file systems
Provides method for single-system image for clients
What is the difference between direct & indirect autofs?
Direct:
The automounts configured in an indirect map are all mounted under the same local parent directory.
Inderiect:
The automounts configured in a direct map may be mounted in various places in the local file system; they do not have to be located under the same parent directory.
Q.15. What are different between hard and soft mount ?
Ans : Hard mount ill expect (wait) untill server responds, if it is offline in this case system ill hang.
Soft mount ill expect within that period , if it is offline process ill be in background, next service ill start.
Q.15. What are the daemons for NIS ?
Ans. ypbind, ypserv, yppasswd, portmap
HACMP
Q24.How to Configure HACMP setup?
Ans-1-First Install Aix5.1 on all nodes
2-Install the required ML (ML 09)
3-Install the HACMP file sets on all nodes. (cluster.es, cluster.es.cspoc ,cluster.license)
4-Assign the IP,s & Alias on all node
5-Configure /etc/hosts on all nodes it must be same for each node.
Now use # smitty hacmp and configure step by step as below-
I-Add a cluster---It will ask for a cluster Name
II-Add a node----add each node name
III-Run the Discovery process(After run this option it will create some files as #/usr/es/sbin/cluster/etc/rhosts----Contains the base IP,s of node
#/usr/es/sbin/cluster/etc/config/clip_config—Contains the IP details of all nodes.
/clvg_config—Contains the,PV,VG,Major numbers Details of all the nodes covered within the cluster.
/haver.info—Contains the information about the HACMP version.
IV-Add a Network
V-Add a communication Interfaces & Devices
VI-Add a persistent IP Label/Address
VII-Add a resource Group
VIII-Add a resource
IX-Put The Resource in Resource Group
X-Run the Verification and Synchronization—It will synchronize the changes with other nodes within the cluster.
XI-Start the Clusters Service---#startsrc –g cluster--It will start all cluster Daemons.
Q25.What is persistent IP?
Ans-This is a alias of standby interface used for Administrative purposes.
How to see version of HACMP
/usr/es/sbin/cluster/etc/config/haver.info
lslpp –l hacmp
How will you know which nodes are involved in clustering ?
clverify
Q26.If service IP Move to fallover node ,will persistent do same?
Ans-No this is node bound IP so it can not move to other node.
Q27.What are the HACMP Daemons?
Ans-clstmgr,clinfo,clcomd,cllockd,clmuxpd
Q29.How to see the Status of RG in HACMP?
#/usr/es/sbin/cluster/utilities/clRGinfo
Q30.What are the types to shutdown the RG?
Ans-There are three ways to shutdown the RG-
1-Gracefull shutdown without takeover--The Application will stop and RG will release but it will not aquired by any node.
2-Gracefull shutdown with takeover--The Application will stop and RG will Release and will takeover by fallover node.
3-Focefully shutdown--The application will shutdown but RG will not be release,commands are--
#/usr/es/sbin/cluster/utilities/clstop -g
#/usr/es/sbin/cluster/utilities/clstop -gr
#/usr/es/sbin/cluster/utilities/clstop -f
Q31.What are the log files in HACMP?
Ans-/tmp/hacmp.out , /tmp/cm.log , /usr/es/adm/cluster.log, /var/hacmp/clverify/clverify.log , /tmp/cspoc.log
1. What topologies are you using in HACMP?
If clstst is currupt how will u check the cluster status.
cldump
When sharedvg is extended is it required to synchronize the cluster?
Yes
2. what is concurrent VG ?
Concurrent access feature enhance the benefits provided by an HACMP cluster.Concurrent access allows simultaneous access to a volume group on a disk subsystem attached
What are method for HACMP heart beat ?
Non-ip network, ip network, disk heartbeating
How to check priority list in HACMP ?
/usr/es/sbin/cluster/utilities/cIRGinfo
How to check HACMP heart beat information ?
Node1-> cat < /dev/tty1 Node1-> cat /etc/hosts > /dev/tty1
Lssrc –ls topsvcss
How to increase FS in sharedvg add disk in sharedvg ?
Through C-SPOC
What is sharedvg ?
Vg configured to serve more than one node in the HACMP enviroment. Shared VG is physically connected to multiple nodes.
How to stop cluster services in one node ?
/usr/es/sbin/cluster/utilities/clstop –gr node
What is HACMP ?
HACMP is a s/w provides that ensure the availability of these application, the application are put under HACMP control. HACMP takes measures to ensure that the application remain available.
3. What is cascading, concurrent and rotating RG?
4. How will you configure application on HACMP?
1. Application must be install on every node
2. Check in statnd-alone mode application is working properly on every node
3. Make start.script and stop.script
4. Configure the application server
5. Put this application server as a resource in RG
What is disk heartbeat? How will you configure it?
Disk heartbeat is another form of non-ip heartbeat that utilizes the existing shared disk of any disk type. As it eliminates the need for serial cable / 8-port asynchronous adapter. It also can easily greater distance between nodes when using SAN environment.
This feature requires using enhanced concurrent volume group to allow access to the disk by each node as needed. It utilizes a special reserved area on the disk to read and write the heartbeat data. Since it is used reserved data, it allow the use of existing data volume group without losing additional storage space.
11.How to configure heart beat in non-ip environment?
We have initialized tty terminal using #smit tty
Select /dev/tt0 ot /dev/tty1 (for rs232)
# smitty hacmp
extended configuration
extended topology
add a network
rs_232 network type rs_232_01
network rs_232
add a communication interface/devices
communication device
rs_232_01 node1
/dev/tty1
rs_232_01 node2
/dev/tty1
13.Suppose synchronization is not occurring in HACMP after making changes and discovery process, what may be the reasons and how will you troubleshoot?
How to configure RAID in SSA
Used smitty raid
14.What are the ways to configure HACMP?
IPAT with replacement
IPAT with aliasing
2. What is /tmp/hacmp.out?
A. contain formatted messages generated by HACMP for AIX script.
B. In verbose mode, this log file contains a line-by-line record of each command executed in the scripts, including
2. What are the type of RG
1. cascading 2. Rotating 3. Concurrent
What are the consideration before you install HACMP?
IPAT planning
Resource group planning
H/W support
Application compatibility
What problem u faced while configuring HACMP and solution?
In discovery
what is C-SPOC
Cluster single point of control, which can be used to administrate entire cluster.
How will you configure shared vg,
A. give the detailed procedure in a two node cluster
node1:
#lspv
#cfgmgr -l ssar
#lsdev -Cc disk
node 2:
#lspv
#cfgmgr -l ssar
#lsdev -Cc disk
find common pvid
Find free major number in both nodes
#lvlstmajor
create vg using common major number
#smitty mkvg
myvg
--->automatically vg should be varied on - No
--->Quorum - No
#smitty mklv
loglv
type jfslog
#logform /dev/loglv
#smitty mklv
datalv
type jfs
#smitty crfs
mount point /data device /dev/datalv
#mount /data
umount /data
varyoffvg myvg
node 2:
import the myvg from node1 using importvg command
4.What is service ip , bootip and standby ip
A. service ip address: ip address used by client user
bootip address : ip address configured on base interface
standby ip address : ip address configured on standby interface
5.Startup, Fallover and Fall back policies. (What are the policies in hacmp?)
A. Startup policy:
1. Online on home node only
2. Online on first available node only
3. Online on all available node
4. Online using distribution policy
Fall over policy:
1. Fall over to next priority node in the list
2. Fall over using dynamic node priority
Fall back policy:
1. Fall back to higher priority node in the list
2. Never fall back
LPAR
Q19.What is HMC and what is the difference between LPAR & DLPAR?
Ans-This is (Hardware management console) a Linux based preloaded machine used to configure & Maintain LPAR & DLPAR.
LPAR is Logical-partitioning means we can create the multiple partition of a server box and can separately run different OS on that. But in DLPAR (Dynamic LPAR) we can move the resources (CPU, Memory, I/O Ports) from one partition to another with the help of HMC.
Q20 What is Dedicate & Shared CPU?
Ands-Dedicated CPU means we will assign the full CPU to a single partition but in shared mode we can assign a single CPU to Multiple partitions.
Q21.What is Micro partitioning?
In-In Micro partitioning we can Assign a single CPU to Multiple partition. First assign 0.1 then it can be extend by .01
What is the cpu allocation level in micro partitioning?
0.1
Q22.What is Caped & encaped?
Ans-This is used in micro partitioning when a CPU value assign to a partition and it is using some percentage of assign value and rest is free
Then it will call caped and if this free value is get move to other partition then it will call encaped.
Q23.What is entitle capacity?
Ans-This is Assign value to a partition.
How to moved the resources dynamically within the profile.
Through HMC we have to delocate the resources from one profile and attach the resources in other profile.
How to create LPAR on 2 processor and 32 GB RAM?
Log into HMC as hsroot with the password and go to server management in navigation and right click mouse to create partition on 2 processor and 32 GB RAM and then activate partition.
How to create HMC user on HMC in command line.
#mkhmcusr to create and chhmcusr to manage user.
How to update microcode in HMC?
Login into HMC as hsroot and go to management environment in navigation area then go s/w maintenance option then microcode update.
NIM
103. What NIM & Purpose
NIM is Network installation management - where client system softwares can be installed from the NIM master.
104. How to list nim objects.
# lsnim
105. Is it possible to install the mksysb to alternate disk by nim.
Yes ..its possible
What is minimum requirements for NIM
SPOT(boot image), lpp_source(fileset)
Location of lpp resources file
/export/spot1 and /export/lpp_sources/lpp_source1
How to configure NIM Client
In client machine go o SMS menu /Utilities / RIPL / Assign IP address of NIM master.
Goto sms menu and specify the client and master ip address and make Ethernet the firs boot device.
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